FAQ Category: 7. Decision making

Decision making

  • What is a BDFL and who is it?

    A BDFL, which stands for “Benevolent Dictator For Life,” is an informal title given to influential leaders in open-source software development projects.

    This term typically refers to project founders or primary creators who retain final decision-making authority over the project’s direction and development.

    The concept of BDFL originated in 1995 and is closely associated with the Python programming language community. Guido van Rossum, the creator of Python, was jokingly named the “First Interim BDFL”.

    Key characteristics of a BDFL include:
    1. Ultimate authority on technical decisions
    2. Influence over coding standards and core design philosophies
    3. Veto power over proposed changes
    4. Collaborative work with the community while maintaining a consistent vision

    Notable examples of BDFLs include:
    • Guido van Rossum (Python)
    • Linus Torvalds (Linux kernel)
    • Larry Wall (Perl)
    • Yukihiro Matsumoto (Ruby)
    • Samuel Smith (Keri)

    It’s important to note that the BDFL title is honorary and based on community trust. If a BDFL were to act irresponsibly, the project could be forked.

  • Why not put all rules in the statutes?

    So authorities can audit, and the board has to decide on changes?

    A Utah-registered L3C, a not-for-profit organization, steers the KERI Foundation.

    Processing everything into articles of association is very static. You have to make dynamic decisions based on constantly changing insights. You want to keep adjusting.

    We have two principal guidelines in this perspective:

    1. Adjust as standardized as possible in the Operational Agreement, which is based on a template Muli-member L3C, Manager-Managed from the state of Utah,
    2. Put everything else in the Memorandum of Understanding plus the Competence Profile of the key management positions in the foundation. These latter documents are an integral part of – and bi-directionally referred to and from 1, the Operational Agreement.

  • You have to let go of control. How are you going to do this?

    Originally, this idea was solely to give all parties a voice and bring that together in one forum. The proposed managers of the designed board happily reserve a seat on the board for this purpose, with decision-making authority: the leader of the Advisory Board.

    If anyone asks to let go of control, have you put your money where your mouth is?

    The founding chairman has committed to donating to get the foundation started. So far, we haven’t seen anyone else making a similar commitment.

    So, he wants to set up this vehicle to ensure that the internal processes are efficient, funds are spent effectively, and the required targets are met.  
    Van Cann: “I’ll stop when I think: would I leave this system alone and trust its inner workings? And only when the answer is ‘yes’”

  • How can anyone want to participate in this?

    Suppose we set this up in a reasonable, safe, and logical way to mature the KERISuite first on a small technical team. And we only then start diversifying; do you see yourself in any role at any point in time in the future? We welcome your positive contributions.

  • Is the chairman practically running the foundation on his own?

    One individual has to take up various roles at the beginning of the foundation. In this perspective, anno 2025, the answer to the question is ‘to a great extent, yes’ 🙂

    But bear in mind: We developed a role-based organizational chart, an Operational Agreement, and a Memorandum of Understanding. So, it’s a consensus-critical manager-managed operation in the foundation.
    Without painful consequences, no single role within the foundation could dictate or veto the operation. All competence profiles have been specified and published.

    Moreover, the foundation is independent of individuals, except that the BDFL role in the KERI foundation is reserved on a personal basis for Dr. Samuel Smith.

    We honestly can’t take people seriously when they complain about a compact KERI foundation, which the original inventor is totally in sync with, and a two-way commitment between the foundation and founder has been established.

  • Are people willing to donate money and development power if they have no say in the outcome?

    Donating money and donating time are two distinct things. Money donors have a say in the outcome.

    Our foundation offers fine-grained benefits and influence models through donations. The website has information on direct funding, advisory boards, marketing, and events. You have a tiered say from tiered donations.

    The KERI Foundation won’t be able to accept donations in kind directly. The process will be as follows: roles will be selected for assignment, candidates will be assessed, and officers will be appointed and paid for their deliverables.
    We do not want a dependency on individual contributors with a greater reach than their roles, tasks, responsibilities, and deliverables.

  • Aren’t there more shoulders needed than three board managers to drive KERI adoption?

    At the start of 2025, we only have two! We’re engaging parties to bring in the leader of the Advisory Board and one of the board managers.

    But we agree that we need more shoulders, eventually. First, we want to start the donation flow and complete the 5Ws to meet the adoption expectations.

    Phase 2 adds more shoulders to the board. It can be prepared in a (directly funded) working group in Phase 1. Feel free to take an advance on this point.
    We’ve heard of a four-manager board up to the sixteen-managers board. All good to consider in Phase 1, but we postpone establishing any solution of more than three right after delivering on Phase 1, the 5Ws.

    The reason is that we want to free the crucial development from endless discussions and decision-making.

  • This the “Sam Foundation”?!

    The chairman and Sam could decide independently of anybody else. To gain something, you also have to give. It would not find the support of a larger community.

    It’s the community foundation supported by KERI’s inventor Dr. Samuel M. Smith. Any qualified majority in the board makes decisions on all but a few topics. These topics are reserved for the technical manager with a few veto rights for the original inventor, which conforms to the well-established BDFL model.
    Having stated this, we will always strive for consensus, but by all means, avoid takeovers or stalemates.

    Thus, we wish to protect the original inventor’s work and future role. Furthermore, we wish to gradually develop the Foundation into a business-like, not-for-profit, open-source foundation where takeovers by narrow interest groups are impossible.

    We can do this via:
    A. Statutes and organizational regulations
    B. Board composition

    Ad A.

    Statutes tend to be rigid. We create them, put them in a drawer, respect them, and only take them out when something happens. We will flexibly adjust the organization along the lines we lay out. We’ve used a standard Utah template, “Muli-Member L3C, Manager-Managed Organization Agreement”, for that.
    And that’s where anyone donating and participating in the roles, tasks, and deliverables laid out has to trust what we do for the community.

    Ad B.
    See the organizational chart, the competence profiles, and the Memorandum of Understanding (Start 2025: status concept)

    Who do you trust more to guide this process: the KERI team, including the original inventor, or some local interest group with an urgent agenda?

    We aim for the more considerable support that we expect to be given to the proof of work team, the original KERI team.

    History

    Initially, the idea was to give all parties a voice and bring them together in one forum: the Advisory Board. The founders have reserved a seat on the board with decision-making authority for the leader of that Advisory Board.

    This concession isn’t necessary for the current state of affairs, nor would it be the first choice to expand the board, but the founders expressed their appreciation by bundling advice in this board vote.
    It constitutes the Best of Both Worlds: A small team can act fast and finish the work (5Ws). All stakeholders get a voice, and based on consensus in the advisory board, their chairman/leader has a seat with voting rights on the board of directors to represent the common interests of the stakeholders without slowing down the operations through endless discussions and individual interests.

  • How can we be sure that the domicile authorities will accept a not-for-profit organization as small as this?

    The proposal is a minimal, sufficient, practical, and simple means to a minimal enough end to meet the regulatory requirements in the domicile. Of course, our proposal will comply with the authorities and not-for-profit foundation’s requirements.